Physical processes12/28/2023 The triangles plotted along each trajectory mark the 1200 UTC air parcel positions, and the white circles denote the end point of each trajectory. (a) Three sets of twelve 72-h backward air parcel trajectories ending at 1200 UTC at 1000 m AGL (black), 4000 m AGL (blue), and 6000 m AGL (red) computed from the GDAS analyses using the HYSPLIT model. The 200-mm rainfall contour for 0000 UTC 1 May–0000 UTC 3 May from the NPVU QPE product is shown in blue. The MCS location is denoted in each by the “+” symbol.ġ000–300-hPa IVT (shaded in 10 6 kg m −1 with vectors overlaid vector scale is shown at bottom left) integrated with respect to time from 0000 UTC 1 May to 0000 UTC. The computation of the anomalies is described in the text.ġ000–300-hPa IVT (shaded in kg m −1 s −1 with vectors overlaid vector scale is shown at bottom left) generated from the 0.5° GFS analyses at (a) 0000 UTC 1 May, (b) 1200 UTC 1 May, (c) 0000 UTC 2 May, and (d) 1200 UTC. Normalized anomalies of IWV (standard deviation values shaded according to the color bar) and 850-hPa geopotential height (contoured every 0.5 standard deviations with negative values shown in the dashed contours) for (a) 1200 UTC 1 May and (b) 1200 UTC. The MCS location is denoted in each by the “+” symbol. Manually analyzed positions of the surface fronts are drawn in blue in standard frontal notation in (b),(d),(f),(h) and the position of the frontal wave described in the text is marked by an “×” symbol in (d),(f), and (h). (b),(d),(f),(h) IWV (shaded in mm according to the color bar) and 850-hPa geopotential height (contoured in black every 3 dam), potential temperature (contoured in green every 3 K), and wind (plotted for wind speeds ≥5 m s −1, half barb: 2.5 m s −1 full barb: 5 m s −1 pennant: 25 m s −1). (a),(c),(e),(g) 250-hPa geopotential height (contoured in black every 10 dam) and wind speed (shaded in m s −1 according to the color bar). NOAA/NESDIS blended IWV imagery (shaded in mm according to the color bar) for (a) 0000 UTC 1 May, (b) 0000 UTC 2 May, (c) 1200 UTC 2 May, and (d) 0000 UTC. ![]() The locations of Memphis, Jackson, and Nashville in TN are denoted as in Fig. ![]() Total accumulated precipitation (shaded in mm according to the color bar) from the National Precipitation Verification Unit quantitative precipitation estimates product for 0000 UTC 1 May–0000 UTC. For reference, the locations of Memphis (MEM), Jackson (MKL), and Nashville (BNA) in TN are denoted. National Mosaic and Multisensor QPE project composite reflectivity imagery (shaded in dB Z) depicting (a) the first MCS at 1200 UTC and (b) the second MCS at 1400 UTC.
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